Wednesday, July 21, 2010

Rituals

Symbol of the major religions of the world: Ju...Image via Wikipedia

Every single one of us living today is governed by rituals. Many of these rituals are not even obvious to us. Nevertheless they are present and persistent.

The most obvious rituals are used in religion. Every single religion regardless of genesis has a prescribed set of rituals. Indeed this is one of the hallmarks of organized religion. A question that often arises in the context of religion is why are all these rituals needed? Are they necessary to connect with God? Quite self evidently, the answer is no. So why the rituals? Does one necessarily have to be religious in order to be spiritual? There are a large number of people who think not; people who think that it is better to be spiritual rather than religious. Since religion also seeks to raise the spiritual level of an individual and in addition has a large number of rituals that must be adhered to, why not cut out the religion and focus on the spiritual.

Every religion, belief, spiritual practice etc. is an attempt to form a connection with the Divine. The ultimate goal is the attainment of a spiritual state where this connection becomes virtually effortless and part of an individual's daily life. Such a connection not achieved easily. It takes consistent major effort and a long duration. Not all people have the inclination or the capacity to put in the hard work (which can be both mental and physical) necessary. Nevertheless this desire remains. There is thus generally a gap between desire and achievable reality. This gap is bridged by rituals. Take for example the five daily prayers of Islam. Does God (Allah) need these prayers. No. The prayers are necessary to remind people of God (Allah). They require a certain amount of time to be set aside from worldly concerns and spend it instead on spiritual contemplation. Similarly other Muslim rituals serve comparable purposes. They are designed to help people gain a greater connection with the Divine through internal spiritual contemplation. What matters is not so much the act of the ritual itself as the state that it engenders in a person. Islam is not alone in this. The other major religions: Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism each have their own sets of rituals and mantras. Again the purpose is to help an ordinary believer to at least get started on the path of spiritual attainment. In this regard, rituals serve an important, indeed role.

The importance of rituals is not confined to our religious life only although generally it is perceived in this fashion. Rituals play an indispensable role in our daily lives. Everyone has a set of activities that are practiced to start and get through the day. What are these activities if not rituals? They play an important role by allowing us to do these activities without thinking about them. Then there are the rituals that are undertaken at a community or society level. The set of activities that are undertaken during marriages for instance. Each community has a set of rituals that are performed during a marriage. These rituals can differ amongst member of the same religion based on where they are living. So the marriage rites undertaken by Muslims in India and Pakistan are different from the marriage rites undertaken by Muslims in the Arab world. What about the activities taken during a national holiday? Most nations have unique ways of celebrating these i.e. they have a unique set of rituals that are used to commemorate these occasions. All these rituals play a role in forging a binding link within a community or a nation.

So rituals are not merely useless remnants of a dead past. They are an important link in a chain that joins our present with our past and will join our present with our future. Breaking this link disconnects us and leaves us rudderless.

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Saturday, July 17, 2010

Events That Changed The World

Map of the World in the year 1 CE.Image via Wikipedia

History in many respects is a fascinating subject. There are so many variables in any particular event. So many things could have gone differently in any era. Even a slight change could well have resulted in a world vastly different from the one we currently live. Events That Changed The World is a series of posts that is going to be my take on different events that I think are significant and that could have resulted in a different world had they turned out to be other than what they actually did.
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The Opium Of The People

The inside view of a Shopping MallImage via Wikipedia

Karl Marx got it wrong. His famous dictum is typically rendered as "religion is the opiate of the people". The quote is taken from a lengthy paragraph which appeared in (and this is a real mouthful of a title) in a work titled "Contribution to Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of right" in which Marx is positively lyrical in his anti-religion diatribe.

So why do I think he got it wrong? The (very) short answer is modern society. Let me explain. The whole emphasis of modern society is on the masses doing a limited number of things. We are supposed to work, eat, shop and sleep. There are a few other activities that can also be engaged in but these are the major ones. Oh yes. One other activity. Engage in sex. Lots of it. And not for reproductive purposes either. Think about it. What was the one thing that Americans were encouraged to do after 9/11? Pray? Focus on family? Reflect on their life? reflect on mortality? How about asking why these terrible events took place? Infact it was none of these. The one thing above all else that Americans were encouraged to do was to (drum-roll please) ..... shop!

This my friends is the true opiate of the people. Our true worth is considered in terms of our shopping abilities. Feeling down? Shop for new clothes or shoes or something else. Don't feel like shopping for material goods? No problem. Go to your nearest cineplex. Enjoy a good movie. Oh and don't forget to buy the popcorn and drinks to enjoy while watching the movie and on your way out buy a few movie mementos as a reminder of the good time you have just had. What are the temples of modern life? What are the social spaces where we can go and meet people. What are the events that serve to bind us as a community? The answer to these questions is linked ultimately to shopping. Instead of a traditional market which typically had small shops and was pedestrian friendly, we are expected to go to huge malls which are designed to take us from one outlet to another and discourage us from lingering in the interim. Dubai is a prime example of this. The city is filled with shopping malls - each bigger and more elaborate than the previous one. Each mall is filled with designer shops and each shop is filled with an enticing array of goods. Each mall also has a very similar architecture despite superficial differences in appearance. The shops are all connected by corridors which do not have much seating space. More significantly, there are no areas where people can pause and reflect. In other words, we are being subconsciously encouraged to go into the next outlet as fast as we can. The one space in each mall which does have seating space is the food court. So if we don't shop, then we can eat Mcdonalds or Burger King or Pizza Hut or whatever.

When we are not shopping or going to a movie, we can watch TV in the comfort of our homes where we have access to hundreds of channels. And what choice! American Idol! Desperate housewives! Big Brother! Wimbledon! Golf! The choice is endless and nearly all of it is designed to stop us from thinking. Just think about it. Does watching the latest football (or cricket or rugby or soccer or indeed any sport) match, make you any better off? Are you any better off because you saw the latest episode of your favorite TV show? What will happen if you don't see these? Will your life take a turn for the worse? Will a disaster befall you? Will your wife (or husband or significant other) leave you? All that will have happened is that you will have spent a certain portion of your life in an activity that is essentially meaningless. And remember that this is time gone forever. You are never going to get it back. So are these things not true opiate for the people? We tend to think of ourselves as being so much better than people of old. We are much more sophisticated. Far less susceptible to external manipulations. But are we really? Are we not being manipulated all the time? We are being constantly manipulated to do things that the Government deems to be in our best interest and a major component of that is shopping. Even watching TV is geared towards ultimately getting us into the shops. The average time of a typical TV show has gone down by almost 10 minutes since the 60s. An episode of the original Star Trek is about 50 minutes (the rest of the time is taken by advertisements) whereas an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation is only about 42 minutes. What has replaced the lost minutes? Ads of course. Ads designed to get us into a shopping mode. This has happened gradually. The result is manipulation without us being aware of it. We constantly bemoan the rat race and yet we feel obliged to participate in it. Why? why don't we exit? Because we feel that we cannot? But why do we feel that way?

So this is what modern society does to us. we are worth what we buy. Everything is geared towards getting us into the shops and buy. Another objective is also served by this. People who are mentally geared towards acquiring the latest trappings, the latest greatest thing and who are constantly striving to acquire the material things that they have been convinced constitute "the good life" are people who are not thinking too deeply about what is going on in the world and what is affecting them personally. We have been drugged into a mental slumber through a combination of shopping and entertainment (which includes all forms of sports activities). And always these things are being put just out of our reach so that we have to run harder and harder to remain in essentially the same place.

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